刎頸之の交

See also: 刎頚ふんけい之の交 and 刎颈之の交

Chinese

		to commit suicide by cutting the neck with sword	's; him/her/it; this	to deliver; to turn over; to make friends to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)
trad. (刎頸之の交)		刎頸	之これ	交
simp. (刎颈之の交)		刎颈	之これ	交
Literally: “friendship of decapitation; throat-slashing friends”.

Etymology

Figuratively, a solid friendship of no regret even if one is to be beheaded for the other, from the Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in the Records of the Grand Historian (《史記しき·廉かど頗藺相しょう如列傳でん》).

既すんで罷やめ歸國きこく，以相そう如功こう大だい，拜はい為ため上うえ卿きょう，位くらい在ざい廉れん頗之これ右みぎ。廉れん頗曰：「我わが為ため趙ちょう將はた，有ゆう攻おさむ城じょう野戰やせん之これ大功たいこう，而藺い相そう如徒と以口舌こうぜつ為ため勞ろう，而位くらい居きょ我わが上うえ，且相そう如素もと賤人，吾われ羞，不ふ忍にん為ため之これ下した。」宣言せんげん曰：「我わが見み相そう如，必辱はずかしめ之これ。」相そう如聞，不ふ肯與あずか會かい。相そう如每まい朝あさ時とき，常つね稱しょう病やまい，不ふ欲よく與あずか廉れん頗爭そう列れつ。已やめ而相そう如出で，望見ぼうけん廉れん頗，相そう如引車くるま避匿。於是これ舍人とねり相あい與あずか諫曰：「臣しん所以ゆえん去さ親戚しんせき而事こと君きみ者もの，徒と慕君きみ之これ高こう義よし也。今いま君きみ與あずか廉れん頗同どう列れつ，廉れん君きみ宣せん惡あく言げん而君きみ畏かしこ匿之これ，恐懼きょうく殊こと甚，且庸いさお人じん尚なお羞之これ，況きょう於將はた相そう乎！臣しん等ひとし不肖ふしょう，請辭去じきょ。」藺い相そう如固かた止とめ之これ，曰：「公おおやけ之これ視み廉れん將軍しょうぐん孰與あずか秦はた王おう？」曰：「不ふ若わか也。」相そう如曰：「夫おっと以秦はた王おう之これ威い，而相そう如廷叱しか之これ，辱はずかしめ其群臣ぐんしん，相そう如雖駑，獨どく畏かしこ廉れん將軍しょうぐん哉？顧吾われ念ねん之これ，彊つよし秦はた之これ所以ゆえん不ふ敢加か兵へい於趙ちょう者もの，徒と以吾われ兩りょう人ひと在ざい也。今いま兩りょう虎とら共とも鬥，其勢いきおい不ふ俱生せい。吾われ所以ゆえん為ため此者もの，以先さき國家こっか之これ急きゅう而後のち私わたし讎也。」廉れん頗聞之これ，肉にく袒負ふ荊，因いん賓客ひんきゃく至いたり藺い相そう如門もん謝罪しゃざい。曰：「鄙ひな賤之これ人ひと，不ふ知ち將軍しょうぐん寬ひろし之これ至いたり此也。」卒そつ相あい與あずか驩，為ため刎頸之の交。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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既すんで罢归国，以相そう如功こう大だい，拜はい为上うえ卿きょう，位くらい在ざい廉れん颇之これ右みぎ。廉れん颇曰：「我わが为赵将はた，有ゆう攻おさむ城じょう野の战之これ大功たいこう，而蔺相そう如徒と以口舌こうぜつ为劳，而位くらい居きょ我わが上うえ，且相そう如素もと贱人，吾われ羞，不ふ忍にん为之これ下した。」宣言せんげん曰：「我わが见相そう如，必辱はずかしめ之これ。」相そう如闻，不ふ肯与あずか会かい。相そう如每まい朝あさ时，常つね称しょう病やまい，不ふ欲よく与あずか廉れん颇争そう列れつ。已やめ而相そう如出で，望もち见廉れん颇，相そう如引车避匿。于是これ舍人とねり相あい与あずか谏曰：「臣しん所以ゆえん去さ亲戚而事こと君きみ者もの，徒と慕君きみ之これ高こう义也。今いま君きみ与あずか廉れん颇同どう列れつ，廉れん君きみ宣せん恶言而君きみ畏かしこ匿之これ，恐おそれ惧殊こと甚，且庸いさお人じん尚なお羞之これ，况于将はた相そう乎！臣しん等ひとし不肖ふしょう，请辞去じきょ。」蔺相そう如固かた止とめ之これ，曰：「公おおやけ之これ视廉れん将はた军孰与あずか秦はた王おう？」曰：「不ふ若わか也。」相そう如曰：「夫おっと以秦はた王おう之これ威い，而相そう如廷叱しか之これ，辱はずかしめ其群臣ぐんしん，相そう如虽驽，独どく畏かしこ廉れん将はた军哉？顾吾われ念ねん之これ，强つよ秦はた之これ所以ゆえん不ふ敢加か兵へい于赵者もの，徒と以吾われ两人ひと在ざい也。今いま两虎とら共とも斗と，其势不ふ俱生せい。吾われ所以ゆえん为此者もの，以先さき国家こっか之これ急きゅう而后きさき私わたし雠也。」廉れん颇闻之これ，肉にく袒负荆，因いん宾客至いたり蔺相そう如门谢罪。曰：「鄙ひな贱之これ人ひと，不ふ知ち将はた军宽之これ至いたり此也。」卒そつ相あい与あずか欢，为刎颈之の交。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Jì bà guī guó, yǐ Xiàng rú gōng dà, bài wèi shàngqīng, wèi zài Lián Pō zhī yòu. Lián Pō yuē: “Wǒ wèi Zhàojiāng, yǒu gōngchéng yězhàn zhī dàgōng, ér Lìn Xiàngrú tú yǐ kǒushé wèi láo, ér wèi jū wǒ shàng, qiě Xiàngrú sù jiànrén, wú xiū, bù rěn wèi zhī xià.” Xuānyán yuē: “Wǒ jiàn Xiàngrú, bì rǔ zhī.” Xiàngrú wén, bù kěn yǔ huì. Xiàngrú měi cháo shí, cháng chēng bìng, bù yù yǔ Lián Pō zhēng liè. Yǐ'ér Xiàngrú chū, wàngjiàn Lián Pō, Xiàngrú yǐn chē bìnì. Yú shì shèrén xiàngyǔ jiàn yuē: “Chén suǒyǐ qù qīnqī ér shì jūn zhě, tú mù jūn zhī gāoyì yě. Jīn jūn yǔ Lián Pō tóng liè, Lián jūn xuān èyán ér jūn wèinì zhī, kǒngjù shū shèn, qiě yōngrén shàng xiū zhī, kuàng yú jiāngxiàng hū! Chén děng bùxiào, qǐng cíqù.” Lìn Xiàngrú gù zhǐzhī, yuē: “Gōng zhī shì Lián jiāngjūn shú yǔ Qínwáng?” Yuē: “Bùruò yě.” Xiàngrú yuē: “Fú yǐ Qínwáng zhī wēi, ér Xiàngrú tíngchì zhī, rǔ qí qúnchén, Xiàngrú suī nú, dú wèi Lián jiāngjūn zāi? Gù wú niàn zhī, qiáng Qín zhīsuǒyǐ bùgǎn jiā bīng yú Zhào zhě, tú yǐ wú liǎng rén zài yě. Jīn liǎnghǔ gòngdòu, qí shì bù jù shēng. Wú suǒyǐ wéi cǐ zhě, yǐ xiān guójiā zhī jí ér hòu sīchóu yě.” Lián Pō wén zhī, ròutǎn fù jīng, yīn bīnkè zhì Lìn Xiàngrú mén xièzuì. Yuē: “Bǐjiàn zhī rén, bù zhī jiāngjūn kuān zhī zhìcǐ yě.” Zú xiāngyǔ huān, wèi wěnjǐngzhījiāo. [Pinyin]

They were already over and returned to the country; because of his achievement was great, Xiangru was appointed as a high-ranking official, and his rank was higher than Lian Po. Lian Po said: "I have become a general of Zhao, have some great achievements of siege and field battle; still, Lin Xiangru is above me by just achieving a feat by the conversation, and Xiangru was originally a lowly person; I am ashamed and can't bear to be under him." He declared: "When I see Xiangru, I'll be sure to humiliate him." Xiangru heard that and then he was reluctant to meet him. Every time Xiangru went to the court, he described himself as ill, and he didn't want to fight for the rank with Lian Po. Before long, Xiangru went out and observed Lian Po, and Xiangru hid by pulling the car. At that time, his servants remonstrated him together to say: "My lord, the reason why I left from my relatives to serve you is just because I admire your respectable personality. Now you have become in the same order with Lian Po; when Lord Lian stated bad words, you hid for fear of this, and awed too much; even mediocre people would be ashamed for that, and for generals and ministers, much more so! We are dishonorable; let us take our leave." Lin Xiangru insisted that they stay, saying "In your estimation, is General Lian more considerable than the king of Qin?" They said: "No, he isn't." Xiangru said: "Even under the intimidation of the king of Qin, I scolded him in his court and humiliated his men; though I am dull, should I be afraid of General Lian? What I am keenly aware is this, that the only reason why the mighty Qin dare not threaten Zhao with war is the presence of Lian and me. We are two tigers who cannot both survive a conflict with each other. The reason why I do that [not to hold a grudge against Lian] is to put the national emergency above my personal resentment." On hearing of that, Lian Po stripped his clothes off, bore a flogging rod, and came to Lin Xiangru's home via a retainer to apologize, "This mean and lowly person didn't know that you, general, is generous to this much." Finally, they got along with each other and vowed a friendship till death.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěnjǐngzhījiāo

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄓ ㄐㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁵ geng² zi¹ gaau¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wěnjǐngzhījiāo [Phonetic: wénjǐngzhījiāo]
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄓ ㄐㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wǔnjǐngjhihjiao
    • Wade–Giles: wên³-ching³-chih¹-chiao¹
    • Yale: wěn-jǐng-jr̄-jyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woenjiingjyjiau
    • Palladius: вэньцзинчжицзяо (vɛnʹczinčžiczjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁵ geng² zi¹ gaau¹
    • Yale: máhn géng jī gāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁵ geng² dzi¹ gaau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁵ géng² ji¹ gao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn¹³ kɛːŋ³⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ kaːu̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: mjunX kjiengX tsyi kaew

Rime
Character	刎	頸	之これ	交
Reading #	1/1	2/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	明あきら (4)	見み (28)	章あきら (23)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	文ぶん (59)	清きよし (121)	之これ (19)	肴さかな (90)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III	III	II
Fanqie	武たけ粉こな切きり	居きょ郢切きり	止とめ而切きり	古ふる肴さかな切きり
Baxter	mjunX	kjiengX	tsyi	kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨunX/	/kiᴇŋX/	/t͡ɕɨ/	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/miunX/	/kiɛŋX/	/t͡ɕɨ/	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/miuənX/	/kiæŋX/	/t͡ɕie/	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/munX/	/kiajŋX/	/cɨ/	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/miuənX/	/kiɛŋX/	/t͡ɕiə/	/kau/
Wang Li	/mĭuənX/	/kĭɛŋX/	/t͡ɕĭə/	/kau/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uənX/	/ki̯ɛŋX/	/t͡ɕi/	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wěn	jǐng	zhī	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man5	ging2	zi1	gaau1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯnʔ  keŋʔ  tjɯ  kreːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	頸	之これ	之これ	交
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng	zhī	zhī	jiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ gjieng ›	‹ tsyi ›	‹ tsyi ›	‹ kæw ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[k]eŋ/ (no palatalization before *-eŋ?)	/*tə/	/*tə/	/*[k]ˁraw/
English	neck	go to	(3p object pronoun; attributive particle)	cross (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刎	頸	之これ	交
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1
No.	13207	6789	17188	6296
Phonetic component	勿	巠	之これ	交
Rime group	文ぶん	耕こう	之これ	宵よい
Rime subdivision	1	0	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	吻	頸	之これ	交
Old Chinese	/*mɯnʔ/	/*keŋʔ/	/*tjɯ/	/*kreːw/

Idiom

刎頸之の交

1. friends sworn to death; eternal friends; best friends who can face hardships together

Synonyms

• 刎頸交／刎颈交
• 刎頸至いたり交／刎颈至いたり交

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刎頸之の交):

• → Korean: 문경지교(刎頸之の交) (mun'gyeongjigyo)

Others:

• → Japanese: 刎頸の交まじわり (funkei no majiwari) (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
刎	頸	之これ	交
ふん Hyōgai	けい Hyōgai	の Jinmeiyō	まじ(わり) Grade: 2
kan'yōon	kan'on	kun'yomi	kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 刎頸之の交 – see the following entry.

【刎頸ふんけいの交まじわり】 [idiom] a solid friendship of no regret even if one is to be beheaded for the other; friends sworn to death, eternal friendship Alternative spellings 刎頚ふんけいの交まじわり, 刎頚ふんけい之の交

(This term, 刎頸之の交, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (刎頚ふんけい之の交) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
刎	頸	之これ	交

Noun

刎頸之の交 • (mun'gyeongjigyo) (hangeul 문경지교)

1. hanja form^? of 문경지교