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Wiktionary

開ひらく

See also: 开
開ひらく U+958B, 開
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958B
← 閊
[U+958A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閌 →
[U+958C]
開 U+2F9EE, 開
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EE
← 𨯺
[U+2F9ED] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 䦕 →
[U+2F9EF]

Translingual

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Han character

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開ひらく (Kangxi radical 169, 門もん+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日にち弓ゆみ一いち廿にじゅう (ANMT), four-corner 77441, composition ⿵門もん开(U+958B) or ⿵門もん幵(U+2F9EE))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4286, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+958B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 開ひらく
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 門もん (“door”) + 一いち (“latch”) + 廾 (“a pair of hands”) — a pair of hands opening a latched door. 一いち and 廾 are combined into 开 since the seal script.

Compare 闢.

Etymology 1

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trad. 開ひらく
simp. 开*
alternative forms
𫔭 obsolete Singapore simplified
䦐
𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𫔭 obsolete Singapore simplified
䦐
𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𨵹
𨶘
𨵑
 

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with 戶と (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “door”), Tibetan ཁ (kha, “mouth”), Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”).

The word is possibly a colloquial variant of 闓 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls) (Schuessler, 2007). Proto-Mien *kʰu̯ɔiᴬ (“to open”) (whence Iu Mien kʰɔi¹) and Thai ไข (kǎi) are Chinese loans (Ratliff, 2010).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kŭi - vernacular;
  • kăi - literary.
Note:
  • khui - vernacular;
  • khai - literary.
Note:
  • kui1 - vernacular;
  • kai1 - literary.
Rime
Character 開ひらく
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん) 咍 (41)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 苦く哀あい切きり
Baxter khoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰəi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəj/
Li
Rong 		/kʰᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 開ひらく 開ひらく
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kāi kāi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khoj › ‹ khoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Nə-[k]ʰˁəj/ /*[k]ʰˁəj/
English to open (v.i.) to open (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 開ひらく
Reading # 1/1
No. 7348
Phonetic
component 		開ひらく
Rime
group 		微ほろ
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		開ひらく
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯːl/

Definitions

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開ひらく

  1. to open; to unlatch; to unfasten
    我わが開ひらく不ふ到いた這扇おうぎ門もん。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが开不ふ到いた这扇おうぎ门。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kāi budào zhè shàn mén. [Pinyin]
    I can't open the door.
    商店しょうてん開ひらく到いた八はち點てん。／商店しょうてん开到いた八はち点てん。  ―  Shāngdiàn kāi dào bā diǎn.  ―  The shop opens till eight o'clock.
  2. to start; to turn on; to switch on
    開ひらく電燈でんとう／开电灯  ―  kāi diàndēng  ―  to switch the light on
    開ひらく電腦でんのう／开电脑  ―  kāi diànnǎo  ―  to turn on the computer
  3. to make an opening; to open up
    開ひらく荒あら／开荒あら  ―  kāihuāng  ―  to open up wasteland
    開ひらく運河うんが／开运河  ―  kāi yùnhé  ―  to dig a canal
    在ざい牆上うえ開ひらく個こ洞ほら／在ざい墙上うえ开个洞ほら  ―  zài qiáng shàng kāi ge dòng  ―  to make a hole in the wall
  4. (of a flower) to open out; to bloom
    花はな開ひらく了りょう。／花はな开了りょう。  ―  Huā kāi le.  ―  The flower is blooming.
  5. (of a frozen river) to thaw
  6. to split; to divide; to cut
    一いち開ひらく二に／一いち开二に [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 hoi1 ji6 [Jyutping]  ―  one split into two
  7. to begin; to start
    開ひらく工こう／开工こう  ―  kāigōng  ―  to start working
    開ひらく學がく／开学がく  ―  kāixué  ―  to start school
  8. to start; to set up; to open
    開ひらく間あいだ燒しょう臘舖／开间烧腊铺 [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 gaan1 siu1 laap6 pou3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to open a roasted meats shop
    我わが開ひらく了りょう個こ銀行ぎんこう帳とばり戶ど。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが开了りょう个银行帐户。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kāi le ge yínxíng zhànghù. [Pinyin]
    I opened a bank account.
  9. to remove (a ban or restriction)
    開ひらく禁きん／开禁きん  ―  kāijìn  ―  to lift a ban
    開ひらく齋とき／开斋  ―  kāizhāi  ―  to resume a meat diet
  10. to boil (bubble and turn to vapour)
    水みず開ひらく了りょう沒ぼつ有ゆう？／水みず开了りょう没ぼつ有ゆう？  ―  Shuǐ kāi le méiyǒu?  ―  Has the water boiled?
  11. to write out (a prescription, check, invoice, etc.)
    開ひらく支ささえ票ひょう／开支ささえ票ひょう  ―  kāi zhīpiào  ―  to write a check
    我わが們開ひらく了りょう一いち張ちょう學生がくせい必讀書しょ單たん。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们开了りょう一いち张学生がくせい必读书单。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen kāi le yī zhāng xuéshēng bìdú shūdān. [Pinyin]
    We made a list of required books for students.
    醫い生せい開ひらく咗啲抗生こうせい素もと畀我わが。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    医い生せい开咗啲抗生こうせい素もと畀我わが。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ji1 sang1 hoi1 zo2 di1 kong3 sang1 sou3 bei2 ngo5. [Jyutping]
    The doctor prescribed me some antibiotics.
  12. to book (a hotel room)
  13. to operate/run a business
  14. to hold (a meeting, exhibition, etc.)
    開ひらく會かい／开会かい  ―  kāihuì  ―  to hold a meeting
    開ひらくparty／开party [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 paa1 ti4 [Jyutping]  ―  to hold a party
  15. to pay
    開ひらく工こう資し／开工こう资  ―  kāi gōngzī  ―  to pay wages
  16. to operate; to drive (a vehicle)
    開ひらく車くるま／开车  ―  kāichē  ―  to drive a car
    開ひらく炮／开炮  ―  kāipào  ―  to fire a cannon
    船長せんちょう把わ船ふね開ひらく到いた對岸たいがん去さ。 [MSC, trad.]
    船ふね长把わ船ふね开到いた对岸去さ。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuánzhǎng bǎ chuán kāi dào duì'àn qù. [Pinyin]
    The captain sailed the boat to the opposite bank.
    火ひ車しゃ已やめ經けい開ひらく了りょう。／火ひ车已やめ经开了りょう。  ―  Huǒchē yǐjīng kāi le.  ―  The train has already departed.
    開ひらく咁快こころよ做咩啫？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    开咁快こころよ做咩啫？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    hoi1 gam3 faai3 zou6 me1 zek1? [Jyutping]
    What's the point of driving so fast?
  17. (Cantonese) to make a liquid mixture
    開ひらく奶粉／开奶粉 [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 naai5 fan2 [Jyutping]  ―  to make milk from formula
  18. apart; away
    散ち開ひらく／散ち开  ―  sànkāi  ―  to separate and strew; to scatter; to disperse
    走はし開ひらく／走はし开  ―  zǒukāi  ―  to move out of the way
    坐すわ開ひらく／坐すわ开 [Cantonese]  ―  co5 hoi1 [Jyutping]  ―  to sit farther away
    唔好游ゆう咁開ひらく。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好游ゆう咁开。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 jau4 gam3 hoi1. [Jyutping]
    Don't swim so far away.
  19. (informal) Short for 開ひらけ除じょ／开除 (kāichú, “to fire; to sack; to discharge; to dismiss”).
  20. (informal) to eat up
  21. (Cantonese, archaic) Progressive aspect particle, used to express that an event is/was in progress.
  22. (Cantonese) Inceptive and continuous aspect particle, used to express that an event has started and continues on for a while.
  23. (Cantonese) Habitual aspect particle.
    你有ゆう冇食しょく開ひらく啲乜嘢藥くすり㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你有ゆう冇食しょく开啲乜嘢药㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 jau5 mou5 sik6 hoi1 di1 mat1 je5 joek6 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Are you taking any medications?
  24. (Cantonese) Converbal aspect particle used to express a condition or rationale.
    去さ開ひらく買かい餸，幫我わが買かい樽たる豉油吖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    去さ开买𩠌，帮我わが买樽たる豉油吖。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    heoi3 hoi1 maai5 sung3, bong1 ngo5 maai5 zeon1 si6 jau4 aa1. [Jyutping]
    When you go and do your groceries, buy a bottle of soy sauce for me.
  25. (Chinese phonetics) Short for 開口かいこう／开口 (kāikǒu, “open-mouthed”).
  26. (Hokkien) to spend (money)
  27. a surname
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Compounds
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Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (開ひらく):
  • → Japanese: 開ひらく(かい) (kai)
  • → Vietnamese: khai (開ひらく)

Others:

  • → Lao: ໄຂ (khai, “open”)
  • → Thai: ไข (kǎi, “open”)
  • → Vietnamese: khơi
  • → Zhuang: hai (“open”)

Etymology 2

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trad. 開ひらく
simp. 开*
alternative forms K

Borrowed from English K (“karat”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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開ひらく

  1. karat (measure of gold purity)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 開ひらく
simp. 开*

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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開ひらく

  1. (physics) Short for 開ひらき爾なんじ文ぶん／开尔文ぶん (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).

Etymology 4

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trad. 開ひらく
simp. 开*
alternative forms 嗨

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Definitions

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開ひらく

  1. (dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Perfective aspect particle.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 了りょう (“(perfective particle)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 矣1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 了りょう
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 了りょう
Taiwan 了りょう
Harbin 了りょう
Malaysia 了りょう
Singapore 了りょう
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 了りょう
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 了りょう
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 了りょう
Wanrong 嘮
Xi'an 咧
Xuzhou 了りょう
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 了りょう
Ürümqi 咧
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 了りょう
Wuhan 了りょう
Guiyang 了りょう
Guilin 了りょう
Liuzhou 了りょう
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 了りょう
Yangzhou 了りょう
Cantonese Guangzhou 咗, 嘵 obsolete
Hong Kong 咗
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 好このみ
Macau 咗, 敲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 咗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咗
Foshan 咗
Foshan (Sanshui) 咗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 咗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 哺
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 咗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 誒, 咗
Taishan 誒
Kaiping (Chikan) 誒
Enping (Niujiang) 誒
Dongguan 敲
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 好このみ
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 後のち, 咗
Qingyuan 咗
Fogang 咗
Yingde (Hanguang) 咗
Shaoguan 咗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 咗
Renhua 咗
Lechang 咗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 咗
Xinxing 標しめぎ
Luoding 咗
Yangjiang 都と
Nanning 嗮
Nanning (Tanka) 嗮
Wuzhou 啊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 了りょう
Guiping 畢
Guiping (Mule) 開ひらく, 了りょう
Pingnan 開ひらく
Guigang (Gangcheng) 開ひらく
Guigang (Pingdong) 開ひらく, 了りょう
Beihai 了りょう
Beihai (Nankang) 了りょう
Beihai (Yingpan) 了りょう
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 了りょう, 咗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 咗
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 了りょう, 咗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咗
Singapore (Guangfu) 咗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 咗
Móng Cái 了りょう, 咗
Gan Nanchang 了りょう
Lichuan 了りょう
Hakka Meixian 了りょう
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 拋, 阿おもね
Dongguan (Qingxi) 開ひらく
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 開ひらく
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 開ひらく
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 哩まいる
Wuhua (Huacheng) 哩まいる
Wuhua (Changbu) 哩まいる
Wuhua (Mianyang) 哩まいる
Yudu 了りょう
Hong Kong 開ひらく
Senai (Huiyang) 開ひらく
Kuching (Hepo) 了りょう
Huizhou Jixi 了りょう
Jin Taiyuan 咾
Xinzhou 咾
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 了りょう
Northern Min Jian'ou 了りょう
Eastern Min Fuzhou 了りょう, 𡅏
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 了りょう
Singapore (Hokkien) 了りょう
Manila (Hokkien) 了りょう, 囉
Chaozhou 了りょう
Shantou 了りょう
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 了りょう
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 了りょう
Wu Shanghai 仔こ, 了りょう
Shanghai (Chongming) 仔こ
Suzhou 仔こ
Hangzhou 得とく, 了りょう
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 得とく, 了りょう
Ningbo 仔こ
Wenzhou 爻
Jinhua 了りょう

Japanese

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Ryakuji for 開ひらけ, based on ryakuji for 門もん; compare also 間あいだ and 𫔭.

Kanji

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開ひらく

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. open

Readings

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “to open”): 閉

Derived terms

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
開ひらく
かい
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 開ひらく (MC khoj).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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開ひらく(かい) • (kai) 

  1. open
  2. start; beginning

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 開ひらく (MC khoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡ (koy) (Yale: koy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

開ひらく (eumhun 열 개 (yeol gae))

  1. hanja form? of 개 (“open”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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開ひらく: Hán Việt readings: khai[1][2][3][4]
開ひらく: Nôm readings: khơi[5], khui[5]

  1. (literary) chữ Hán form of khai (“to open, to start, to begin”).
  2. Nôm form of khui (“to open, to pry open”).

References

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  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hồ (1976).
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