舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
	布ぬの贡语支ささえ、Kho-Bwa（火水ひみず）
地理ちり分ぶん佈	喜き马拉雅みやび山やま东麓
谱系学がく分ぶん类	漢かん藏ぞう語ご系けい藏くら緬はる語族ごぞく舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ; ;
分ぶん支ささえ	舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语sdp 萨尔当とう语onp 楚すわえ格かく语 (Duhumbi)cvg 利り西にし语 (Khispi) lsh ? 苏龙语suv ? 布ぬの贡语bgg
语言代だい码
ISO 639-3	分別ふんべつ為ため：; sdp – 舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语; onp – 萨尔当とう语; cvg – 楚すわえ格かく语; lsh – 利り西にし语; suv – 苏龙语; bgg – 布ぬの贡语
Glottolog	khob1235

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ ，也称为 卡門语支 （Kamengic），是ぜ西藏にしくら藏ぞう南みなみ地区ちく使用しよう的てき一いち小しょう类语言ごと。Kho-Bwa 这个名字みょうじ最初さいしょ是ぜ由よし George van Driem（2001）提出ていしゅつ的てき。它基于重建けん的てき单词 *kho（“水みず”）和かず *bwa（“火ひ”）。Blench（2011）建たて议将用よう卡門 Kameng 地区ちく命名めいめい为卡門もん语支（Kamengic）。另外，Anderson（2014）^[2]将しょう舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ称しょう为北卡門语支（Northeast Kamengic）。

Van Driem 和わ Blench 都と将はた舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语（Sherdukpen 或ある Mey）、利り西にし语（Lishpa 或ある Khispi）、楚すわえ格かく语（Chug 或ある Duhumbi）和わ 萨尔当とう语（Sartang）语言归为一いち类。它们形成けいせい了りょう一いち个语组，并且明あかり显相关。Van Driem （2001）将しょう苏龙语（Sulung 或ある Puroik）和わ布ぬの贡语（Bugun 或ある Khowa）语言纳入该语支ささえ，但ただし Blench （2023）暂时将はた其视为独立どくりつ的てき语言，与あずか卡門语支没ぼつ有ゆう证明的てき关系。^[3]

这些语言传统上じょう被ひ归入藏ぞう缅语族ぞく，但ただし其合理性りせい有ゆう待まち商しょう榷。这些语言受到邻近的てき汉藏语系的てき强烈きょうれつ影かげ响，可能かのう是ぜ纯粹的てき区域くいき效こう应。^[4]

根ね据すえ2000年ねん的てき估计，整せい个语系けい约有15,000人にん（包括ほうかつ苏龙语）或ある大だい约10,000人にん（不ふ包括ほうかつ苏龙语）。

Abraham等とう人じん（2018）也对舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ的てき语言进行了りょう词汇表ひょう和わ社会しゃかい语言学がく调查。

分ぶん类

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ的てき内部ないぶ结构如下。

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
- 苏龙语（Sulung 或ある布ぬの瑞みず语 Puroik）
- 布ぬの贡语（Bugun 或ある科か瓦かわら语 Khowa）
- 西舍にしちゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
  - 梅うめ伊い-萨尔当とう语组 Mey–Sartang
    - 舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语 (Mey, Ngnok), 分ぶん为两个方言ほうげん:
      - 谢尔冈 Shergaon
      - 鲁帕 Rupa
    - 萨尔当とう语 (Bootpa, But Monpa, But Pa, Matchopa),与あずか Mey 的てき词汇相似そうじ度ど为 50%–60%。
  - 楚すわえ格かく-利とぎ什语组 Chug–Lish
    - 利り西にし语 (Lish)
    - 楚すわえ格かく语 (Chug Monpa, Chugpa, Monpa), 接近せっきん Lish

Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)

Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)^[5] 认为布ぬの瑞みず语是一种舍朱奔语支语言，并将舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ分ぶん类如下か：

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
- 布ぬの瑞みず语
- 布ぬの贡语
- 西舍にしちゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
  - 舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语, 萨尔当とう语
  - 楚すわえ格かく语 (Duhumbi), 利り西にし语 (Khispi)

Tresoldi et al. (2022)

根ね据すえTresoldi等とう人じん（2022）的てき计算系けい统发育そだて分析ぶんせき，舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ的てき系けい统发育そだて树大致如下か：^[6]

舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ
- 西分にしわ支ささえ
  - 杜もり洪ひろし比ひ–基もと斯皮语组（Duhumbi–Khispi 或ある Chug–Lish）：杜もり洪ひろし比ひ语（Chug），基き斯皮语（Lish）
  - 梅うめ伊い–萨尔当とう语组：谢尔冈 Shergaon，鲁帕 Rupa，杰里加か翁おう Jerigaon，科か伊い纳 Khoina，拉ひしげ洪ひろし Rahung，科か伊い塔とう姆 Khoitam
- 布ぬの贡语
  - A分ぶん支ささえ
    - 布ぬの鲁 Bulu，拉ひしげ瓦かわら Rawa，科か乔 Kojo，罗乔 Rojo
    - 萨里奥おく萨里亚 Sario Saria，拉ひしげ苏姆帕特 Lasumpatte，查扬塔とう乔 Chayangtajo
  - B分ぶん支ささえ
    - 纳姆弗どる里さと Namphri，卡斯皮がわ Kaspi
    - 旺霍 Wangho，迪すすむ克かつ扬 Dikhyang
    - 辛からし查昂 Singchaung，比ひ乔姆 Bichom

词汇

下表かひょう的てき舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语支ささえ基本きほん词汇项目来き自じBlench （2015）。^[7]

Gloss	舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语 (谢尔冈)	舍しゃ朱しゅ奔语 (鲁帕)	萨尔当とう语 (杰里加か翁おきな)	萨尔当とう语 (拉ひしげ洪ひろし)	利り西にし语 (基もと斯皮)	楚すわえ格かく语 (杜もり洪ひろし比ひ)
one	hǎn	han	hèn	hân	hin	hin
two	ɲǐt	ɲik	nìk	ně	ɲes	niʃ
three	ùŋ	uŋ	ùŋ	ùún	ʔum	om
four	pʰʃì	bsi	sì	psì	pʰəhi	psi
five	kʰù	kʰu	kʰù	kʰu	kʰa	kʰa
six	ʧùk	kit	ʧìk	ʨěy	ʧʰuʔ	ʧyk
seven	ʃìt	sit	sìk	sǐ, sě	ʃis	his
eight	sàʤát	sarʤat	sàrgè	sàrʤɛ́	saɾgeʔ	saɾgeʔ
nine	tʰkʰí	dʰikʰi	tʰkʰì	tɛ̀kʰɯ́	ṱʰikʰu	ṱʰikʰu
ten	sɔ̀ ̃	sõ	sã̀	sɔ	ʃan	ʃan
head	kʰruk	kʰruk	kʰrǔk	kʰruʔ	kʰoloʔ	kʰloʔ
nose	nupʰuŋ	nəfuŋ	nfùŋ	apʰuŋ	hempoŋ	heŋpʰoŋ
eye	khibi	kivi	kábì	kʰaʔby	kʰumu	kʰum
ear	kʰtùŋ	gtʰiŋ	gtʰìŋ	ktèíŋ	kʰutʰuŋ	kʰutʰuŋ
tongue	laphõ	lapon	?	le	loi	loi
tooth	nuthuŋ	tokʧe	mísìŋ	nitʰiŋ	ʃiŋtuŋ	hintuŋ
arm	ik	ik	ìk	ik	hu	hut
leg	là	lapon	lɛ̌	lɛ̌	lei	lai
belly	ʃrìŋ	sliŋ	srìŋ	sriŋ	hiɲiŋ	hiliŋ
bone	skìk	skik	àhík	skik	ʃukuʃ	ʃukuʃ
blood	hà	ha(a)	hɛ̀	ha	hoi	hoi
face	dòŋpù	bo	mi	zə̀í	doʔ	doŋpa
tooth	ntùŋ	tokʧe	mísìŋ	ptə̀íŋ	ʃiŋtuŋ	hintuŋ
stomach	àlà	karbu	ʧàk	phriŋ	hiɲiŋ	hiliŋ
mouth	ʧàw	nəʧaw	so	ʨʨǒ	hoʧok	kʰoʧu
rain	ʧuuma	nimi	nʧʰù	ʧuʧuba	namu	namu

延伸えんしん阅读

Ismail Lieberherr and Timotheus Adrianus Bodt. (2017) Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. Himalayan Linguistics 16(2). 26–63. Paper (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.2553234)
Binny Abraham, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, Isapdaile Zeliang (2018). Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2018–009. (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3537601)
Bodt, T. and J.-M. List (2019). Testing the predictive strength of the comparative method: An ongoing experiment on unattested words in Western Kho-Bwa languages. Papers in Historical Phonology 4.1. 22–44. doi:10.2218/pihph.4.2019.3037 (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3537604)
Bodt, Timotheus A.; List, Johann-Mattis. Reflex prediction: A case study of Western Kho-Bwa. Diachronica. 2021. doi:10.1075/dia.20009.bod .

参考さんこう资料

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Kho-Bwa. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^ Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2014. On the classification of the Hruso (Aka) language. Paper presented at the 20th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
^ What is the evidence that the isolate languages of Arunachal Pradesh are genuinely Trans-Himalayan?
^ Blench (2011): "Certainly, the phonology and morphology of Arunachali languages looks superficially like Tibeto-Burman, which explains their placing in the Linguistic Survey of India. Unfortunately, this is rather where matters have remained [... this paper] proposes we should take seriously the underlying presumption probably implied in Konow's statement in Linguistic Survey of India. Volume III, 1, Tibeto-Burman family, Calcutta (1909:572)], that these languages may not be Sino-Tibetan but simply have been influenced by it; that they are language isolates."
^ Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).
^ Tiago Tresoldi; Christoph Rzymski; Robert Forkel; Simon J. Greenhill; Johann-Mattis List; Russell D. Gray. Managing Historical Linguistic Data for Computational Phylogenetics and Computer-Assisted Language Comparison. The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. The MIT Press. 2022: 345–354. ISBN 978-0-262-36607-6. doi:10.7551/mitpress/12200.003.0033.
^ Blench, Roger. 2015. The Mey languages and their classification. Presentation given at the University of Sydney, 21 August 2015.

George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
Blench, Roger. 2011. (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconsidering the evidence
Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).
Abraham, Binny, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, Isapdaile Zeliang. 2018. Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2018–009.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Kho-Bwa. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.

[Anderson2014-2] Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2014. On the classification of the Hruso (Aka) language. Paper presented at the 20th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

[3] What is the evidence that the isolate languages of Arunachal Pradesh are genuinely Trans-Himalayan?

[4] Blench (2011): "Certainly, the phonology and morphology of Arunachali languages looks superficially like Tibeto-Burman, which explains their placing in the Linguistic Survey of India. Unfortunately, this is rather where matters have remained [... this paper] proposes we should take seriously the underlying presumption probably implied in Konow's statement in Linguistic Survey of India. Volume III, 1, Tibeto-Burman family, Calcutta (1909:572)], that these languages may not be Sino-Tibetan but simply have been influenced by it; that they are language isolates."

[Lieberherr-Bodt-5] Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).

[Tresoldi-6] Tiago Tresoldi; Christoph Rzymski; Robert Forkel; Simon J. Greenhill; Johann-Mattis List; Russell D. Gray. Managing Historical Linguistic Data for Computational Phylogenetics and Computer-Assisted Language Comparison. The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. The MIT Press. 2022: 345–354. ISBN 978-0-262-36607-6. doi:10.7551/mitpress/12200.003.0033.

[Blench2015-7] Blench, Roger. 2015. The Mey languages and their classification. Presentation given at the University of Sydney, 21 August 2015.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

分ぶん类

Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)

Tresoldi et al. (2022)

词汇

See also

延伸えんしん阅读

参考さんこう资料