しょう

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しょう U+5C0F, 小
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C0F
しるべ
[U+5C0E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C10]
U+2F29, ⼩
KANGXI RADICAL SMALL

[U+2F28]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F2A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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しょう (Kangxi radical 42, しょう+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input ゆみきん (NC), four-corner 90000, composition はち)

  1. Kangxi radical #42, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №15

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 296, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7473
  • Dae Jaweon: page 587, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 560, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5C0F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
しょう
alternative forms 𡮐 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character しょう
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Two possible interpretations:

Starting from some bronze inscriptions, the dots have become elongated. Based on this form, Shuowen erroneously considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意かいい会意かいい) : はち (to divide; to separate) + (small object).

Compare with すくな (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews), represented by four dots in its oracle bone script form.

Etymology 1

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Often thought to be related to すくな (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews) (e.g. Wang, 1982), but Schuessler (2007) points out that the alternation between Middle Chinese /s-/ and /ɕ-/ within a word family is exceptional.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sió - vernacular;
  • siáu - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: siê2 / sio2 / siao2 / siou2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sié / sió / siáu / sióu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sie⁵²/, /sio⁵²/, /siau⁵²/, /siou⁵²/
Note:
  • siê2/sio2 - vernacular;
  • siao2/siou2 - literary.

Rime
Character しょう
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) しん (16)
Final (いん) よい (91)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie わたしちょうきり
Baxter sjewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siᴇuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/siɛuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/sjæuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/siawX/
Li
Rong
/siɛuX/
Wang
Li
/sĭɛuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯ɛuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
siu2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character しょう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjewX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]ewʔ/
English small

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character しょう
Reading # 1/1
No. 13705
Phonetic
component
しょう
Rime
group
よい
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
しょう
Old
Chinese
/*smewʔ/
Notes きのえきむぶんぞうすなゆびしょう
ゆびこと

Definitions

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しょう

  1. small, tiny, little
    しょう  ―  xiǎohái  ―  child
    Antonym: だい
  2. minor, petty
  3. briefly, for a short while
    しょういこい  ―  xiǎo  ―  brief rest
  4. slightly, a little
  5. young
    しょういぬ  ―  xiǎogǒu  ―  puppy
    しょうしょうねこ  ―  xiǎomāo  ―  kitten
    しょうひつじ  ―  xiǎoyáng  ―  lamb
    嬰兒えいじふとししょうりょうのう自己じこども東西とうざい [MSC, trad.]
    婴儿ふとししょうりょうのう自己じこども东西 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè yīng'ér tài xiǎo le, bù néng zìjǐ chī dōngxī. [Pinyin]
    The baby is too young to feed itself.
    Antonym: ろう (lǎo)
  6. (the) youngest
    しょうしょう儿子  ―  xiǎo'érzǐ  ―  youngest son
  7. a young person; child, kid, baby
    いち家老がろうしょう  ―  yījiālǎoxiǎo  ―  the entire family, old and young
  8. Prefix used in front of family name to indicate informality or affection (for young people, ろう (lǎo) for elder people).
    For example, Someone called 國寶こくほう国宝こくほう can be called しょう.
  9. (humble) my, our
    しょうおとうと  ―  xiǎo  ―  [humble] I
    しょうおんな  ―  xiǎo  ―  [humble] my daughter
    しょうてき  ―  xiǎode  ―  [humble] I
    しょうせいひね請多せきあきら [MSC, trad.]
    しょうせい请多关照 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiǎo xìng Chén, qǐng duō guānzhào. [Pinyin]
    My surname is Chen, nice to meet you.
  10. Short for 小學しょうがく小学しょうがく (xiǎoxué, “primary school”).
    1. Used in the abbreviation of the name of a primary school.
      しょう  ―  Èr Xiǎo  ―  No. 2 Primary School
    2. Used with a number to indicate the level of primary education.
      しょういち  ―  xiǎo  ―  P1 (first year in primary school)
  11. (dialectal) concubine
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (しょう):

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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しょう

  1. (Cantonese, minced oath) A euphemism of (“to fuck”).
    しょう [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  siu2 nei5! [Jyutping]  ―  Duck you!

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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しょう

  1. (chiefly Taiwan, vulgar) Alternative form of (shào, siâu), chiefly used in さんしょう (sānxiǎo).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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しょう

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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See also

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
しょう
しょう
Grade: 1
on'yomi

/seu//ɕeu//ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese しょう (MC sjewX).

The suffix sense is a clipping of 小学校しょうがっこう (shōgakkō, elementary school).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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しょう(しょう) (shōせう (seu)?

  1. smallness; small size, small (sometimes used as an abbreviation for small serving, etc.)
  2. Short for しょうつき (shō no tsuki).
  3. (historical) during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, a unit of field area equal to around 400 square metres (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    100 square footsteps before the Taikō land survey, and 120 square footsteps after
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Idioms
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Coordinate terms
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  • (historical unit):
    • だい(だい) (dai, 200/240 square footsteps)
    • はん(はん) (han, 150/180 square footsteps; about 595.8m2)
    • しょう(しょう) (shō, 100/120 square footsteps; about 400m2)

Prefix

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しょう(しょう) (shō-せう (seu)?

  1. small, little

Suffix

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しょう(しょう) (-shōせう (seu)?

  1. suffix after names of elementary schools
    つくだ(つくだ)しょう(しょう)
    tsukuda-shō
    Tsukuda Elementary School

Proper noun

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しょう(しょう) (Shōせう (seu)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
しょう

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/ko1//ko/

From the Old Japanese stem (ko-). Cognate with (ko, child).

Prefix

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しょう() (ko-

  1. less in size or quantity, small, little, short
  2. less in intensity, small, light, slight
  3. of secondary importance, secondary, sub-
  4. infant
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
しょう

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

/wo//o/

From the Old Japanese stem (wo-), modern (o-).

Prefix

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しょう() (o- (wo)?

  1. attached to certain nouns:
    1. small in shape or scale
      しょうかわ (ogawa, creek, literally "small river")
      しょうふね (obune, small boat)
    2. attached to certain names to give expression or feelings (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
      しょう (Oda, literally, "small rice paddy")
      しょう (Ono, literally, "small field")
  2. used proverbially to represent "small" or "slight" (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    小止こやなくあめ (oyaminaku furu ame)
    小暗おぐらみち (ogurai michi)
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
しょう
ささ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
しょう
さざ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From the Old Japanese stem ささ (sasa-), found in terms such as ささ (sasa, bamboo grass), ささや (sasayaku, to whisper), and いささ (isasaka, a little), all related to small or slight.

Saza appears to be a later derivation from sasa.

Alternative forms

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Prefix

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しょう(ささ) or しょう(さざ) (sasa- or saza-

  1. attached to certain nouns to mean:
    1. small
    2. fine
    3. slight
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese しょう (MC sjewX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쇼ᇢ〯 (Yale: sywǒw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 자ᄀᆞᆯ (Yale: cakol) (Yale: sywo)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰo̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

しょう (eumhun 작을 (jageul so))

  1. Hanja form? of (smallness; small things).

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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しょう: Hán Việt readings: tiểu[1][2][3]
しょう: Nôm readings: tiểu[1][2][3][4], tẻo[1][3], tĩu[3]

  1. (only before noun) Chữ Hán form of tiểu (small).

Compounds

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References

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