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{{Distinguish|物理學}} |
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{{Not|物理学}} |
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{{Expand English|Outline of physical science|date=2015年9月}} |
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{{Expand English|Outline of physical science|date=2015年9月}} |
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{{Science|expanded=物質科学}} |
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{{Science|expanded=物質科学}} |
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'''物質科學'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=Y3oQpBOHINUr8jZPFvEi74j5AkjV3rXj0WgVsEOAKJWs5kPRAzIhX9fYzi906rWj&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=physical+science |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-01-31 |archive-date=2024-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131041427/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=Y3oQpBOHINUr8jZPFvEi74j5AkjV3rXj0WgVsEOAKJWs5kPRAzIhX9fYzi906rWj&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=physical+science |dead-url=no }}</ref>({{lang-en|physical science}})又稱'''物理科學'''<ref>{{cite book |author1=殷海光 |title=科學教育 |date=2022 |publisher=五南圖書出版股份有限公司 |isbn=9786263177765 |page=75}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=International+Association+for+the+Physical+Sciences+of+the+Ocean |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-01-31 |archive-date=2024-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131034410/https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=International+Association+for+the+Physical+Sciences+of+the+Ocean |dead-url=no }}</ref>,是[[自然科學]]的分支,研究沒有生命的系統,與[[生命科學]]相對。 |
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'''物質科學'''或({{lang-en|Physical science}})是[[自然科學]]的分支,研究沒有生命的系統,與[[生命科學]]相對。但是「物理」這個名詞對兩者所造成的差別,是無意的而且有點隨意,因為物理科學之下又有很多分支,當中好些分支也會研究生物的現象(例如有機化學)。 |
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英語 physical 為[[多義詞]],可為物質的,物理(學)的,有形的,實物的,身體的等等意思<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/zht/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E-%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E-%E7%B9%81%E9%AB%94/physical |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-01-31 |archive-date=2020-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219163954/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/zht/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E-%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E-%E7%B9%81%E9%AB%94/physical |dead-url=no }}</ref>。若譯名用「物理的」這個形容詞,對物理科學與生命科學兩者所造成的差別,是無意的而且有點隨意,因為物質科學之下的某些分支也會研究生物的現象,如[[生物化學]]、[[生物物理]],是物質科學與生命科學的[[交叉學科]]。 |
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== 物理科學是甚麼? == |
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== 物質科學是甚麼? == |
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物理科學的形容如下: |
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物質科學的形容如下: |
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* [[科學]]的一個分支:透過對[[宇宙]]作出可試驗的解釋和預測,有系統地不斷嘗試建立和組織[[知識]]<ref name=wilson>{{cite book |last1 = Wilson |first1 = Edward O. |title = Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge |edition=1st |publisher = Vintage Books |location = New York, NY |year = 1998 |isbn = 0-679-45077-7 |pages=49–71}}</ref><ref name=Heilbron>"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by [[mathematics]]; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." —p.vii, [[J. L. Heilbron]], (2003, editor-in-chief). ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511229-6.</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |title=science |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |accessdate=2011-10-16 |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]], Inc |quote='''3 a:''' knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method '''b:''' such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena }}<!--{{sfn|Popper|2002|p=3}}--></ref>。 |
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* [[科學]]的一個分支:透過對[[宇宙]]作出可試驗的解釋和預測,有系統地不斷嘗試建立和組織[[知識]]<ref name=wilson>{{cite book |last1 = Wilson |first1 = Edward O. |title = Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge |url = https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils |edition=1st |publisher = Vintage Books |location = New York, NY |year = 1998 |isbn = 0-679-45077-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils/page/49 49]–71}}</ref><ref name=Heilbron>"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by [[mathematics]]; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions." —p.vii, [[J. L. Heilbron]], (2003, editor-in-chief). ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511229-6.</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |title=science |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |accessdate=2011-10-16 |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]], Inc |quote='''3 a:''' knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method '''b:''' such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena |archive-date=2019-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901035713/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |dead-url=no }}<!--{{sfn|Popper|2002|p=3}}--></ref>。 |
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** [[自然科學]]的一個分支:自然科學是[[科學]]的一個重大分支,憑着{{link-en|經驗證據|empirical evidence}},試圖解釋和預測大自然的現象。在自然科學,[[假說]]一定要先科學地確證,才可當作科學理論。有效性、準確性、和確保品質的社會機制,例如同行評審和結果的可重複性,是達到目的所用的其中一些準則和方法。自然科學可以分成兩大分支:[[生命科學]]和物理科學。這兩個分支、及其下的所有分支,都被稱為自然科學。 |
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** [[自然科學]]的一個分支:自然科學是[[科學]]的一個重大分支,憑着{{link-en|經驗證據|empirical evidence}},試圖解釋和預測大自然的現象。在自然科學,[[假說]]一定要先科學地確證,才可當作科學理論。有效性、準確性、和確保品質的社會機制,例如同行評審和結果的可重複性,是達到目的所用的其中一些準則和方法。自然科學可以分成兩大分支:[[生命科學]]和物質科學。這兩個分支、及其下的所有分支,都被稱為自然科學。 |
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== 物理科學的分支 == |
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== 物質科學的分支 == |
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== 物理科學的歷史 == |
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== 物質科學的歷史 == |
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== 參考文獻 == |
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== 參考文獻 == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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== 外部連結 == |
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== 外部連結 == |
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* [https://ck12.org/physical-science/ Physical science topics and articles for school curricula (grades K-12)] |
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* [https://ck12.org/physical-science/ Physical science topics and articles for school curricula (grades K-12)] {{Wayback|url=https://ck12.org/physical-science/ |date=20170405071308 }} |
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{{Natural sciences-footer}} |
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[[Category:學科]] |
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[[Category:學科]] |