去
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]- 佉, 刦, 刼,
劫 , 却, 厾, 𠫾, 𠬃, 𠬉, 𠬒, 𠬕, 𠬖, 弆,怯 , 抾, 朅,法 , 珐, 盍, 砝, 祛, 紶(𬘛), 罢, 䒧, 𧉧, 𨚫, 鉣, 阹, 魼(𱇜), 麮(𱋋), 鼁(𱋿)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 164, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
- Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
- Unihan data for U+53BB
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 㚎 弆 厺 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | ||||||
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Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (
Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of
Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (
In addition,
Etymology
[edit]There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.
This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qie4 / qu4
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): kī / qū
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чў (čw, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qie3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qy3
- Eastern Min (BUC): kó̤ / ké̤ṳ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ke4 / qy4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyù
- Wade–Giles: chʻü4
- Yale: chyù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuh
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qie4 / qu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kie / ky
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹³/, /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- qie4 - vernacular;
- qu4 - literary.
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: kī / qū
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ki4 / qu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰi⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
- kī - vernacular;
- qū - literary.
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чў (čw, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: heoi3
- Yale: heui
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoey3
- Guangdong Romanization: hêu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵy̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hui³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qie3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi
- Hakka Romanization System: hi
- Hagfa Pinyim: hi4
- Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qy3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kó̤ / ké̤ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔ²¹³/, /kʰøy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
- Tâi-lô: khì
- Phofsit Daibuun: qix
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /kʰi⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Singapore): /kʰi²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khù
- Tâi-lô: khù
- Phofsit Daibuun: qux
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰu²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰu¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines, Singapore)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ke3 / ku3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̀ / khù
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯ²¹³/, /kʰu²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- ke3 - Chaozhou, Chenghai, Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak;
- ku3 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 5chi; 5chiu
- MiniDict: chi
去 ; chiu去 - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2qi; 2qy
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/, /t͡ɕʰy³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/, /t͡ɕʰy³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /cʰi³⁵/, /cʰy³⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕʰi³³/, /t͡ɕʰy³³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/, /t͡ɕʰy⁵²³/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕʰi³³/, /t͡ɕʰy³³/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Chongming 5khi - vernacular;
- Chongming 5chi, 5chiu - literary;
- 5chi, 5khou - vernacular;
- 5chiu - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ke4 / qy4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ̞⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /kʰɯ¹³/ /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/ /kʰɯ³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰy¹³/ /t͡ɕʰie¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ /kʰe²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ~ /kʰə²¹²/ ~ | |
Nanjing | /kʰi⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ~哪 /kəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ /kəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/ /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/ /kʰei⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/ /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /kʰə⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ /kʰə⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hi⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰi⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /høy³³/ |
Nanning | /hy³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /høy³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰu²¹/ /kʰi²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɔ²¹²/ /kʰœ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰɔ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰɯ²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hu³⁵/ /xu³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: khjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰ(r)ap-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰas/
Definitions
[edit]- to leave; to depart from
去 世 ― qùshì ― to pass away
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niǎo nǎi qù yǐ, Hòujì guā yǐ. [Pinyin]
- When the bird went away, Hou-ji began to wail.
鳥 乃去 矣,后 稷 呱矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
鸟乃去 矣,后 稷 呱矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to go to; to leave for
- (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
- (between two verbs) to; in order to
- Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement away from the speaker.
- to send; to dispatch
- to play (a part, a character); to act
- (euphemistic) to pass away; to die
- last; past
去 年 ― qùnián ― last year
- 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
- Short for
去聲 /去声 (qùshēng). - (literary) to be separated by; to be apart by
- (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
我 去 ― wǒqù ― what the hell
Synonyms
[edit]
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyù
- Wade–Giles: chʻü4
- Yale: chyù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuh
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: heoi3 / heoi2
- Yale: heui / héui
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoey3 / hoey2
- Guangdong Romanization: hêu3 / hêu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵy̯³³/, /hɵy̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: khjoX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ](r)aʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaʔ/
Definitions
[edit]- to remove; to get rid of
去 掉 ― qùdiào ― to remove脫 去 /脱 去 ― tuōqù ― to throw off- 拆
去 ― chāiqù ― to remove, to take off 去 蝦 腸 /去 虾肠 ― qù xiācháng ― to remove the intestines from shrimp去 頭 白 蝦 /去 头白 虾 ― qùtóu báixiā ― headless white shrimp去 中心 化 ― qùzhōngxīnhuà ― decentralization
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Bùzhú mònián, Xiàhòushì zhèng shuāi, qù jì bù wù, Bùzhú yǐ shī qí guān ér bēn róngdí zhī jiān. [Pinyin]
- In Buzhu's later years, the Xia dynasty's government declined; so he forsook millet (agriculture) and did not serve. Buzhu, therefore, lost his offce and fled to the Rong's and Di's midst.
不 窋末 年 ,夏 后 氏 政 衰 ,去 稷 不 務 ,不 窋以失 其官 而犇戎 狄之 間 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]不 窋末 年 ,夏 后 氏 政 衰 ,去 稷 不 务,不 窋以失 其官 而奔戎 狄之 间。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to discard
Pronunciation 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of 弆). |
Pronunciation 4
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of |
Compounds
[edit]一 來 二 去 /一 来 二 去 (yīlái'èrqù)一 去 不 返 (yīqùbùfǎn)下 不 去 三 不 去 上 去 (shàngqù)下 去 (xiàqù)下 得 去 不 去 不 去 手 不 告 而去不如歸 去 /不 如归去 不知 去 向 (bùzhīqùxiàng)人 來客 去 /人 来客 去 人 去 樓 空 /人 去 楼 空 - 以戰
去 戰 /以战去战 - 以殺
去 殺 /以杀去杀 何 去 何 從 /何 去 何 从 (héqùhécóng)來 千 去 萬 /来 千 去 万 來 去 /来 去 (láiqù)來 去 分明 /来 去 分明 來 去 匆匆 /来 去 匆匆 來 去 自 如/来 去 自 如來 回 來 去 /来 回 来 去 (láihuíláiqù)來 情 去 意 /来 情 去 意 來 蹤去影 /来 踪去影 來 蹤去跡 /来 踪去迹來 龍 去 脈 /来 龙去脉 (láilóngqùmài)克 克 拉 去 考 勒 (Kèkèlāqùkǎolè)兜 來 兜 去 /兜 来 兜 去 出 去 (chūqù)- 刮骨
去 毒 前 去 (qiánqù)務 實 去 華 /务实去华勝 殘 去 殺 /胜残去 杀 (shèngcánqùshā)化 去 (huàqù)去 世 (qùshì)去 事 去 任 去 住 去 住 無 門 /去 住 无门去 你的 (qù nǐ de)去來 /去来 去 偽 存 真 /去 伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)去 函 去勢 /去 势 (qùshì)去 危就安 去 去 去 向 (qùxiàng)去 國 /去 国 去 天 尺 五 去 官 (qùguān)去 寒 去就 去就 之 分 去年 (qùnián)去 後 /去 后 (qùhòu)去 得 去 掉 (qùdiào)去 日 去 暑 (qùshǔ)去 暗 投 明 去 本 就末去 根 (qùgēn)去 梯 言 去 極端 化 /去 极端化 (qùjíduānhuà)去歲 /去 岁 (qùsuì)去 殺 勝 殘 /去 杀胜残 去 污去 泰 去 甚去 火 (qùhuǒ)去 甚去泰 去 留 (qùliú)去 病 去 粗 取 精 (qùcūqǔjīng)去聲 /去声 (qùshēng)去 職 /去 职 (qùzhí)去 蕪 存 菁/去 芜存菁 (qùwúcúnjīng)去 處 /去 处 (qùchù)去 路 (qùlù)去 邪 從 正 /去 邪 从正去 邪 歸 正 /去 邪 归正去 鄉 /去 乡去 除 (qùchú)去 雜 去 劣 /去 杂去劣 否 去 泰 來 /否 去 泰 来 回 去 (huíqù)大事 去 矣大勢 已 去 /大 势已去 (dàshìyǐqù)大 去 大 江東 去 /大江 东去失 去 (shīqù)- 姘出
去 家 去 左 來 右 去 /左 来 右 去 已 去 平上 去 入 弄 來 弄 去 /弄 来 弄 去 想 來 想 去 /想 来 想 去 - 扭來扭去/扭来扭去
- 抹去 (mǒqù)
拔去 一 丁 - 拔葵
去 織 /拔葵去 织 拂 衣 而去拂 袖 而去 (fúxiù'érqù)- 捐殘
去 殺 /捐残去 杀 捕 蛇 去 齒 /捕 蛇 去 齿挺 過去 /挺 过去- 推來推去/推来推去 (tuīláituīqù)
掛 冠 而去/挂冠 而去- 掐頭
去 尾 /掐头去尾 - 掉頭而去/掉头而去
- 揮之
不 去 /挥之不 去 (huīzhībùqù) 揚 長 而去/扬长而去 (yángcháng'érqù)摘心 去 肝 - 撒手
歸 去 /撒手归去 - 攪來攪去/搅来搅去
放 眼 望 去 故 去 (gùqù)春 來秋 去 /春 来秋 去 春 去秋 來 /春 去秋 来 晃 來 晃 去 /晃 来 晃 去 時 來 暫去/时来暂去暮 去 朝來 /暮 去 朝来 有 來 有 去 /有 来 有 去 朝來 暮 去 /朝来 暮 去 東 來 西 去 /东来西 去 歸 去 /归去 (guīqù)歸去來 兮/归去来 兮歸去來 辭 /归去来 辞 死去 活 來 /死去 活 来 (sǐqùhuólái)沒 去就 /没 去就 - 浮來暫去/浮来暂去
淘 去 減 去 /减去滾 來 滾 去 /滚来滚去滾 出 去 /滚出去 (gǔn chūqu)生來 死去 /生来 死去 番 來 覆 去 /番 来 覆 去 病 去 盡 去 /尽 去 直 去 直來 /直 去 直来 看 不 下 去 眉 來 眼 去 /眉 来 眼 去 (méiláiyǎnqù)眉 來 語 去 /眉 来 语去相去 (xiāngqù)相去 不 遠 /相去 不 远相去 咫尺 相去 天 淵 /相去 天 渊相去 懸 殊 /相去 悬殊相去 無 幾 /相去 无几相去 萬里 省 慾 去 奢 /省 欲 去 奢 眼 去 眉 來 /眼 去 眉 来 破 壁 飛 去 /破 壁 飞去算 來 算 去 /算 来 算 去 絲 來 線 去 /丝来线去絕 裾 而去/绝裾而去翻 來 吊 去 /翻 来 吊 去 翻 來 翻 去 /翻 来 翻 去 翻 來 覆 去 /翻 来 覆 去 (fānláifùqù)- 臨去
秋波 /临去秋波 - 茹魚
去 蠅 /茹鱼去蝇 - 衡陽
雁 去 /衡阳雁 去 - 褪去
覆 去 翻 來 /覆 去 翻 来 言 來 語 去 /言 来 语去說 不 下 去 /说不下 去 說 不 過去 /说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)說 來 說 去 /说来说去說得 過去 /说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)- 豁出
去 - 豬毋
大 ,大 對 狗 去 /猪 毋大,大 对狗去 (ti m̄ tōa, tōa tùi káu khì) 賊 去 關門 /贼去关门走 來 走去 /走 来 走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)- 踅來踅去/踅来踅去
- 踱來踱去/踱来踱去
進 去 /进去過 不 去 /过不去 (guòbùqù)過去 /过去 (guòqù)過去 式 /过去式 (guòqùshì)過 得 去 /过得去 (guòdeqù)過 意 不 去 /过意不 去 (guòyìbùqù)除 凶 去 害 除去 (chúqù)除 殘 去 穢 /除 残 去 秽除 汙去垢 /除 污去垢 陰 去 /阴去 (yīnqù)陳 言 務 去 /陈言务去陽 去 /阳去 (yángqù)雁 去 魚 來 /雁 去 鱼来離 去 /离去 (líqù)- 霍去
病 - 顛來
倒 去 /颠来倒 去 高來 高去 /高来 高去 鳳 去 樓 空 /凤去楼 空 鳳 去 秦 樓 /凤去秦 楼 鳳 去 臺 空 /凤去台 空
See also
[edit]The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
仄 (zè) 仄聲/仄声 (zèshēng) | ||||||||||
꜀◌ | ꜂◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜆ | |||||||
[Term?] | ◌〪 | ◌〫 | ◌〬 | ◌〭 | ||||||
∅ | ◌〮 | ◌〯 | ∅ | |||||||
꜀◌ | ꜁◌ | ꜂◌ | ꜃◌ | ◌꜄ | ◌꜅ | ◌꜆ | ◌꜇ |
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
References
[edit]- “
去 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014– - “Entry #1405”, in
臺灣 閩南語 常用 詞 辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- to leave, to go away
- past
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
- Kun: さる (saru,
去 る, Jōyō); いぬ (inu,去 ぬ); のぞく (nozoku,去 く); ゆく (yuku,去 く)
Compounds
[edit]See also
[edit]- 落ちる (ochiru)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [거]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]- quá khứ (
過去 , “the past”) - trừ khử (
除去 , “to eliminate”) - khử trùng (
去 蟲 , “to disinfect, to decontaminate”)
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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